Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. Forest conversion to grassland holds a significant share of green house gas emissions in ethiopia, according to the findings of the national drivers of deforestation and forest degradation study. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation and forest degradation deforestation and forest degradation are the biggest threats to forests worldwide. Understanding the drivers of change and options for revegetation daniel etongo bau academic dissertation for the dr. Deforestation and forest degradation account for 11 per cent of greenhouse gas ghg emissions, more than the entire global transportation sector and second. Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in vietnam. Forest transition phase estimations of the relative area proportion a, and absolute net forest area change km 2 yr. Unfccc 2010 outcome of the work of the ad hoc working group on longterm cooperative action under the conventionpolicy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries.
What is the main difference between deforestation and. Deforestation is a primary contributor to global climate change. Unpacking realities shaping community actions lalisa a. The role of women in deforestation and forest degradation. Analysing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in conservation landscapes can provide crucial information for conservation management. By contrast, degradation is a gradual process through which a forests biomass declines, its species composition changes or. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of. The main causes of deforestation in ethiopia are shifting agriculture, livestock production and fuel in drier areas. Pdf deforestation and forest degradation as an environmental. When the forest is felled and the vegetation is burnt or decomposes, carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is released into the atmosphere.
The state of the greater mekongs forests and the everyday people working to protect them application pdf, 30. Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in kilwa. Deforestation is the conversion of forest to non forest land and can result in land 8 degradation. Report on the assessment of drivers of deforestation and. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. This study is not intended to validate or challenge these narratives.
Deforestation and forest degradation in southern burkina faso. Deforestation and forest degradation are the biggest threats to forests worldwide over half of the tropical forests worldwide have been destroyed since the 1960s, and every second, more than one hectare of tropical forests is destroyed or drastically degraded the degradation and loss of forests threatens the survival of many species, and reduces the ability of forests to provide essential. Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in myanmar. Forestryrelated drivers of forest degradation are illegal and excessive wood extraction in the remaining high forests and dry forest areas or woodlands. Rather, it is intended to highlight how the activities of women that are listed as drivers of deforestation might be impacted by measures aimed at curbing deforestation and forest degradation in liberia. Penny encyclopedia of life support systems eolss population growth and increasing per capita demands for forest products and therefore forest exploitation, and the conversion of forested land for the purpose. Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation forest carbon. It is often done as a part of forest management under different silvicultural systems. On 23 july 2019, the european commission adopted an eu communication on stepping up eu action to protect and restore the worlds forests the communication has the objective of protecting and improving the health of existing forests, especially primary forests, and significantly increasing sustainable, biodiverse forest coverage worldwide. What is forest degradation and what are various causes of. Mapping and monitoring of forest area suffering from deforestation and forest degradation using satellite images and remote sensing has been an achievable activity for the sustainable forest management and conservation. Forests fires may arise on the account of natural, accidental, and human causes. The lack of a landuse policy and related landuse law was a key driver of deforestation and forest degradation.
An analysis of the extent and nature of illegality in forest conversion for agriculture and timber plantations, forest trends, september 2014. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. Fao 2010 for the period 200010 b of deforestation drivers, and of the relative disturbed forest area fraction of degradation drivers c, based on data from 46 tropical and subtropical countries. Deforestation in ethiopia is due to locals clearing forests for their personal needs, such as for fuel, hunting, agriculture, and at times for religious reasons. Forest degradation is a process in which the biological wealth of a forest area is permanently diminished by some factor or by a combination of factors. Degradation of astanding forest, like deforestation, reduces carbonstorage,thequalityofspecieshabitat,andtheprovision of local ecosystem services, such as water quality. Deforestation, territorial conflicts, and pluralism in the.
Over half of the tropical forests worldwide have been destroyed since the 1960s, and every second. Degree to be presented, with the permission of the faculty of agriculture and forestry of the. Pdf effects of deforestation and forest degradation on. Although deforestation and forest degradation have declined, they are still serious in scope and quantity, especially in. Deforestation and forest degradation in houaphan province. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1.
An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation. The purpose is to harvest the timber and to promote natural regeneration of the forest. Deforestation is the process of removing the forest ecosystem by cutting the trees and changing the shape of the land. Land use and land cover change lulcc, mainly deforestation and forest degradation, are responsible for 1725% of annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions that are a principal factor in global warming bernstein et al. Whenever forest fires are experienced, thousands of acres of trees and vegetation cover are wiped out. When agriculture, mining, urban development or other land uses replace forest, the land is said to have experienced deforestation. Public consultation on stepping up eu action against. Reference scenarios for deforestation and forest degradation in support of redd. Report on the assessment of drivers of deforestation and forest. Deforestation and forest degradation are the biggest threats to forests worldwide.
Forest degradation is land degradation which 7 occurs in forest land. Deforestation and forest degradation in southern burkina faso helda. Effects of deforestation and forest degradation on forest carbon stocks in collaborative forests, nepal article pdf available in international journal of conservation science 34. Proposals may be adapted to address local and regional causes of deforestation. Deforestation and forest degradation as an environmental. Deforestation and forest degradation in southern burkina.
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries. It is estimated that globally, deforestation and forest degradation account for around 11 percent of co 2 emissions. Halting deforestation is a costeffective action that has a clear impact in reducing global ghg emissions. The two main assessments of co 2 emissions from deforestation and forest degradation for the 1980s and 1990s one based on surveys by the. The forest is still there, but with fewer trees, or less species of trees, plants or animals, or some of them affected by plagues. Forests play a crucial role in providing a range of ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. The agriculture, forestry and landuse sectors account for about a quarter of all global greenhouse gas ghg emissions and are the largest. Alarming past and current trends in global deforestation and forest degradation document a deepening forest.
Mapping deforestation and forest degradation using. Deforestation, forest degradation and the conversion of ecosystems such as savannahs are key drivers of the climate emergency, and are also known to cause other severe environmental and social impacts. Pdf differences between current and future drivers of. Proximate causes of p deforestation and forest degradation direct drivers as well as underlying forces indirect drivers are elaborated.
Drivers of defforestation and forest degradation in. While rates of forest loss can be measured through remote sensing, on the ground information is needed to confirm the commodities and actors behind deforestation. The unfccc definition of forest degradation is direct humaninduced longterm loss persisting for x years or more of at least y per cent of forest carbon stocks and forest values since time t, in a manner that does not qualify as deforestation penman et al. Tropical forest degradation, deforestation, longterm phase shifts, and further transitions. Distribution of the forest cover by forest type for the countries of the congo basin. Deforestation and forest degradation in the congo basin. Mapping of disturbance and degradation of forest is gaining momentum through remote sensing despite, major challenges still exist. There were several underlying indicators of deforestation and forest degradation including initial forest cover, per capita income, agricultural production, governance, population growth, food, and poverty. Tackling illegal logging, deforestation and forest. Distribution of the forest cover of the countries of the congo basin. Action against deforestation and forest degradation en introduction section the overall objective of this initiative is to step up eu action against tropical deforestation and forest degradation by developing a more coherent and comprehensive approach to the problem.
Forest fires such as the ones that commonly happen in dry tropical forests are a major cause of forest degradation. Unesco eolss sample chapters land use, land cover and soil sciences vol. Reducing deforestation in the tropics is likely to have additional benefits as well, such as preserving biological diversity and sustaining livelihoods for the rural poor and for indigenous communities and cultures. Deforestation and forest degradation were most notable in the north central, northeast, central highland, and northwest areas of the nation. In addition, land administration is fraught with overlaps in jurisdictional authority and bureaucratic inefficiency. These greenhouse gas emissions contribute to rising temperatures, changes in patterns of weather and water, and an increased frequency of extreme weather events. Distribution of the causes of deforestation and forest degradation in different regions of the planet. Drivers of deforestation and degradation for 28 tropical.
Pdf reference scenarios for deforestation and forest. The extent and drivers of deforestation and forest. To achieve this, sufficient factbased analysis of options. However, there is scanty information on why smallholders exploit forests and what. Marsfm working paper 5 2007 forestry department food and agriculture organization of the united nations manual on deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation using remote sensing and gis prepared by giri tejaswi rome, march 2007 strengthening monitoring, assessment and reporting on sustainable forest management in asia gcpint988jpn. For example, in sumatra, rainforests on deep peatlands are being cleared, drained. We administered a questionnaire to wildlife conservation societys. Deforestation and forest degradation eu redd facility.
Tropical deforestation and forest degradation dd contribute approximately 15% of the. This shows the global but also more regional importance of forests, particularly in places like the amazon with large. The government of norway has made the inclusion of a mechanism for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation redd in a post2012 climate regime a policy priority in the united nations framework convention on climate change unfccc process. This does not involve a reduction of the forest area, but rather a quality decrease in its condition. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2.
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