A programming voltage applied between g and s actuates the device to connect g and s i. An antifuse based fpga is the most secure programmable device available. Admission into the health information technology program is provisionally based upon acceptance of the approved health evaluation record. At the latest technology node, the antifuse memory has been demonstrated on finfet technology 7. Review of fuse and antifuse solutions for advanced. Mar 29, 2020 that is where the field programmable gate arrays fpgas become of interest. In antifuse fpgas, as fuses are programmed, it becomes impossible to uniquely address previously programmed fuses making programming essentially a oneway function. Pdf a multibit antifusetype onetime programmable otp memory is. In contrast to threeterminal nems logic switches 25. In summary, an otp memory with antifuse has better yield for programming, lower power consumption for unprogrammed bits, and overall superior security. Apr 03, 1990 an antifuse element is an electrically programmable device which is normally in an opencircuit, or high resistance, state. Understanding actel antifuse device security digchip. In contrast to blowing fuses in the fusible link method, which opens a circuit by breaking the conductive path, the antifuse method closes the circuit by growing a conductive layer via two metal layers in between a layer of nonconductive, amorphous silicon is sandwiched as shown in. The proposed 32kb otp rom cell array consists of 4.
Fpga programmability programmability of fpga is achieved in three ways antifuse programming methodology sram programming technology floating gate programming 9 antifuse programming methodology. The antifuse programming performances are measured with the conditions in fig. Design security in nonvolatile flash and antifuse fpgas 5 1. An antifuse eprom and 3v programming circuit has been demonstrated in an existing 0. Many such technologies have been considered for use in fpgas, including laser programming smith allen, pass transistors controlled by sram hsieh. A programming signal changes an antifuse device to a lowresistance state. Review of fuse and antifuse solutions for advanced standard. Fpgas are programmable, and the program resides in a memory which determines how the logic and routing in the device is configured.
One time programmable antifuse memory based on bulk. As technology node further advances to its end, a gateallaround gaa nanowire device is thought to be an ultimate technology 8. Ongoing radiation effects on fpgas lessons learned and. Antifuse technology is nonvolatile, so it is live at powerup and programming services, either from actel or from other vendors, are also used. The programming voltage, hv, is ramped from 0 v up to a value as high as 12 v in the presented test and the programming current is sensed. Calvano of the nbs center for consumer product technology. Some programming methods are common to both and some are exclusive to flash. What programmers can i use to program actel devices. The technical research was performed by nicholas j.
It is an open path until a programming current is forced through it by applying a high programming voltage across it. Antifuse based fpgas are different from the previous ones in that they can be programmed. An antifuse programming pad is coupled to the first programming bus for permitting a sufficient voltage to short the first antifuse to be applied to the first programming bus from external to the integrated circuit. Antifusebased fpgas are different from the previous ones in that they can be programmed. Wang, yinming sun, durwyn dsilva, brian cronquist, and john mccollum actel corporation, mountain view, ca94043, usa part rtax250s rtax2000s ccells 2816 21,504 rcells 1408 10,752 ram kbits 54 288 global signals 8 4hclk, 4rclk 8 4hclk, 4rclk io banks 8 8. Other memories require either additional masks with regards to core process, additional technological steps or unaffordable programming conditions. The partnership between law enforcement and the military the boundaries separating the functions of the law enforcement. Programmable asics fpgas hold array of basic logic cells basic cells configured using programming technologies programming technology determines basic cell and interconnect scheme programming technologies discussed. Each release of the silicon sculptor and flashpro software goes through a. In addition, the actel antifuse technology ensures design security and gets your, resistance and low capacitance properties, actels antifuse technology offers very high speeds. The method of programming an antifuse device and the role of the security fuse are also discussed.
The antifuse based fpga cant be then reprogrammed since there is no way to return a burned antifuse into the initial state. Antifuse programming methodology antifuse systems eg. This document describes only the programming solutions supported for antifuse. A soak overprogram step is performed to ensure that the antifuse is fully programmed and the resistance of the antifuse is uniform across the chip. The antifusebased fpga cant be then reprogrammed since there is no way to return a burned antifuse into the initial state. Antifuse technology is nonvolatile, so it is live at powerup and inherently very. The probe circuitry is accessed by silicon explorer, an easy to use. Actel altera xilinx atmel imperial college, 2005 digital system design 3. Us6859408b2 current limiting antifuse programming path.
Configuration bitstream can be stored in fpga using various technologies. Part iii draws conclusions regarding program benefits. Legacy devices are fpgas that microsemi no longer recommends for new designs. An antifuse includes a first terminal coupled to the first node and a second terminal coupled to a programming bus. Department of computer science and technology, yanbian university, yanji 3002, china. Many such technologies have been considered for use in fpgas, including laser programming, pass transistors controlled by sram or eprom cells and antifuses. When a high voltage from 11 to 20 volts, depending on the type of antifuse is applied across its terminals the antifuse will blow and create a low. If the antifuse cannot be read as a 1 after the initial programming, then it can be programmed again and. Programming technologies and architectures of fplds.
Silicon carbide sic nanoelectromechanical antifuse for. There are two established ways to program the antifuse device, statically or dynamically. Method and apparatus for regulating an antifuse programming current by lightly doping an electrically connected region so that the resistance of the region responds in a nonlinear manner to changes in voltage. The actel programming algorithm serially identifies each antifuse requiring programming and applies a voltage in pulses to program the antifuse. Set characterization and mitigation in rtaxs antifuse fpgas sana rezgui, j.
When a fuse is programmed, the conduction path is destroyed, resulting in high resistance and a low resistance when not programmed. An antifuse is an electrical device that performs the opposite function to a fuse. Antifuse technology functions by a mechanism that is the opposite of fuse technology. And the programming time of the proposed otp memory is nearly 50%. Pdf design of 1 kbit antifuse one time programmable. Set characterization and mitigation in rtaxs antifuse fpgas. In addition, the standby power, or leakage, is much higher for efuse than for antifuse. Part ii focuses on seven technology development areas included in the jpsg program and the anticipated payoffs. A fieldprogrammable gate array fpga is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing hence the term fieldprogrammable. The programming technology the basic logic cells the io logic cells programmable interconnect software to design and program the fpga currently the four main players in this field are.
Realtime device verification actels antifuse fpgas contain actionprobe circuitry that provides builtin access to every node in a design, enabling 100% realtime observation and analysis of a devicesinternal logic nodes without design iteration. Actel only tests the programming of actel devices on the flashpro, silicon sculptor, and bp microsystems programmers. At the initial unprogrammed state, g and s form an open circuit. Programming current controls the antifuse resistance typically for 5ma it is 500 ohms. One type of antifuse is formed of high resistivity amorphous silicon which dramatically changes resistance upon application of an appropriate signal. It is a programmable chip technology that creates permanent, conductive paths between transistors. To be presented at the 1st nasa electronic parts and packaging nepp program electronic technology workshop june 2224, 2010, n asa gsfc, greenbelt, md. An antifuse element is an electrically programmable device which is normally in an opencircuit, or high resistance, state. Jun, 2019 that is where the field programmable gate arrays fpgas become of interest. In contrast, the more 0 stored in the antifuse, the less power is consumed. A multibit antifuse type onetime programmable otp memory is designed, which has a smaller area and a shorter programming time compared with the conventional singlebit antifuse type otp memory. Some of these devices may already have corresponding product discontinuation notices pdn, indicating that microsemi intends to cease shipment of these products in the near future. The usage of the gateoxide of cmos has the great advantage of its feasibility to be applied to standard cmos.
Military grade antifuse products are available for axcelerator, sxa, and mx families. Antifuse technology is nonvolatile, so it is live at powerup and inherently very secure. A big advantage of 1totp memory over efuse or mask rom technology is that it can easily be programmed in the field, using a programming voltage generated onchip. Introduction fpgas continue to grow in density and capability, enabling users to implement more complex and valuable designs. Antifuse technology the antifuse architecture is otp by design. Configuration switch implementation and single event upset seu susceptibility. Jun 23, 2019 antifuse programming fpgas pdf admin june 23, 2019 no comments fpga field programmable gate array is an integrated circuit fpga devices are produced by a number of semiconductor basic modes of programming. Antifuse eprom circuitry scheme for fieldprogrammable.
As the channel length and the gateoxide thickness are scaled down, the breakdown voltage of the gateoxide is decreased. Antifuse technology has more silicon area per gate and is easier to route than sram technology. Review of fuse and antifuse solutions for advanced standard cmos technologies article in microelectronics journal 4012. Design security in nonvolatile flash and antifuse fpgas. The fpga configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language hdl, similar to that used for an applicationspecific integrated circuit asic.
Failure to submit the original form complete with documentation may prevent the student from progressing to the clinical portion of the program. The second factor that determines a successful hard breakdown is the stress time or programming time. Wang actel corporation, mountain view, ca 94043, usa jihjong. The antifuse technology, routing architecture, logic mod ule, design automation, programming, testing and use of acttm antifuse fpga s are described. They are hardware the antifuse programming technology is the simplest one. When users think of fpga programming, they often think in terms of a. The programming voltage of the antifuse with 120 a hfo2 is properly. While the conventional antifuse type otp memory can store a bit per cell, a proposed otp memory can store two consecutive bits per cell through a. When programming statically, a statistical average is used to set the programming time. Architecture of fieldprogrammable gate arrays proceedings. Using antifuse 1totp for analog trimming and calibration.
Pdf metaltometal antifuse with low programming voltage and low. Actel calls its antifuse a programmable lowimpedance circuit element plice. Srambased technology contains higher capacity than antifuse technologies. Technology cmos technology complex programmable logic devices cplds field programmable logic devices fpgas sram programming antifuse programming eepromcmos technology uvepromcmos technology figure 4. Gsa is creating a 21st century workplace across government to save money and increase productivity. Jan 08, 2019 it is a programmable chip technology that creates permanent, conductive paths between transistors. The architecture of an fpga is determined, in large part, by the programmable switch technology used to configure it. Thus the architecture of the antifuse based devices makes electronic readback impossible, even if the locking mechanism is not used. Fpgas programming technology basic logic cells io logic cells programmable inter connect software to design and program the fpga. Department of justice and department of defense joint.
This is important for calibrating devices that may go through different test stages before and after packaging, adjusting different parts of the circuitry accordingly. Application note ac225 programming antifuse devices. This paper explores various aspects of the microsemi antifuse security structures, as well as the inherent security of the technology and underlying architecture. Actel only tests the programming of actel devices on the flashpro, silicon sculptor, and bp. Design of smallarea multibit antifusetype 1 kbit otp.
Otp technology 06022003 uahcpe528 8 antifuse contd. Antifuse programming technology an antifuse is the opposite of a regular fuse. Antifuse programming circuit with snapback select transistor us20070279086a1 en 20060601. Antifuse based fpgas are different from the previous ones in that they can be. If the efuse cannot be read as a 1 after programming, then the programming failed, which means yield loss. Antifuse, on the other hand, can be programmed 18 times to be a 1. Thus the architecture of the antifuse based devices makes electronic readback impossible. Importance of dynamic programming for achieving hard breakdown in antifuse technology. The benefits of antifuse otp semiconductor engineering. Semiconductor antifuse structure and method advanced. The antifuse technology creates closed circuits by turning nonconductive silicon into a conductive via.
Admission into the vision care technology program is provisionally based upon acceptance of the approved health evaluation record. The antifuse is a device that doesnt conduct current initially, but can be burned to conduct current the antifuse behavior is thus opposite to that of the fuse, hence the name. Whereas a fuse starts with a low resistance and is designed to permanently break an electrically conductive path typically when the current through the path exceeds a specified limit, an antifuse starts with a high resistance, and programming it converts it into a permanent electrically conductive path. Semiconductor antifuse structure and method advanced micro. Video created by university of colorado boulder for the course introduction to fpga design for embedded systems. Importance of dynamic programming for achieving hard.
With todays larger format wafers and smaller process geometries, mask costs continue to rise while minimum lot sizes have also increased in orders of magnitude. Design of 1 kbit antifuse one time programmable memory ip using dual program voltage article pdf available in journal of central south university of technology 181. Antifuse eprom circuitry scheme for fieldprogrammable repair. Key laboratory of microelectronics devices and integrated technology. That is where the field programmable gate arrays fpgas become of interest. Antifuse programming circuit with snapback select transistor us20080165609a1 en 20070108.
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